![]() Have universal meanings across cultures and may show up in dreams, literature, art or religion. Jungian archetypes are defined as images and themes that derive from the collective unconscious, as proposed by Carl Jung. Jung (1947) called these ancestral memories and images archetypes. However, more important than isolated tendencies are those aspects of the collective unconscious that have developed into separate sub-systems of the personality. Fear of the dark, or of snakes and spiders might be examples, and it is interesting that this idea has recently been revived in the theory of prepared conditioning (Seligman, 1971). These universal predispositions stem from our ancestral past. 188).Īccording to Jung, the human mind has innate characteristics “imprinted” on it as a result of evolution. ‘The form of the world into which is born is already inborn in him, as a virtual image’ (Jung, 1953, p. These ancestral memories, which Jung calledĪrchetypes, are represented by universal themes in various cultures, as expressed through literature, art, Memory traces, which are shared with other members of human species (Jung, 1928). The collective unconscious is a universal version of the personal unconscious, holding mental patterns, or This is his most original and controversial contribution to personality theory. However, by far the most important difference between Jung and Freud is Jung’s notion of the collective (or transpersonal) unconscious. It is the present and the future, which in his view was the key to both the analysis of neurosis and its treatment. Jung also believed that the personal unconscious was much nearer the surface than Freud suggested and Jungian therapy is less concerned with repressed childhood experiences. The more elements attached to the complex, the greater its influence on the individual. A complex is a collection of thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and memories that focus on a single concept. Jung (1933) outlined an important feature of the personal unconscious called complexes. The personal unconscious contains temporality forgotten information and well as repressed memories. ![]() The first layer called the personal unconscious is essentially the same as Freud’s version of the unconscious. However, he proposed that the unconscious consists of two layers. Like Freud, Jung (1921, 1933) emphasized the importance of the unconscious in relation to personality. The ego is largely responsible for feelings of identity and continuity. The three main ones were the ego, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious.Īccording to Jung, the ego represents the conscious mind as it comprises the thoughts, memories, and emotions a person is aware of. Like Freud (and Erikson) Jung regarded the psyche as made up of a number of separate but interacting systems. It was also an individual's motivational source for seeking pleasure and reducing conflict He believed the libido was not just sexual energy, but instead generalized psychic energy.įor Jung, the purpose of psychic energy was to motivate the individual in a number of important ways, including spiritually, intellectually, and creatively. Jung (1948) disagreed with Freud regarding the role of sexuality. For example, while Jung agreed with Freud that a person’s past and childhood experiences determined future behavior, he also believed that we are shaped by our future (aspirations) too. Most of Jung's assumptions of his analytical psychology reflect his theoretical differences with Freud. ![]() The following year this led to an irrevocable split between them and Jung went on to develop his own version of psychoanalytic theory. However in 1912 while on a lecture tour of America Jung publicly criticized Freud’s theory of the Oedipus complex and his emphasis on infantile sexuality. When the International Psychoanalytical Association formed in 1910 Jung became president at the request of Freud. He was an active member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society (formerly known as the Wednesday Psychological Society). Carl Jung's Theories: Archetypes, & The Collective UnconsciousĬarl Jung was an early supporter of Freud because of their shared interest in the unconscious. ![]()
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